What Water Quality Data Is Needed Before Designing a Membrane System?
Membrane systems are widely used in industrial water treatment, wastewater reuse, desalination, RO pretreatment and high-salinity wastewater concentration. However, a membrane system cannot be properly designed without basic water quality data. The first important parameter is flow rate. Engineers need to know average flow, peak flow and daily operating hours. This affects membrane area, pump […]
Oil-Water Separation in Industrial Wastewater Treatment
Oil-containing wastewater is common in petrochemical plants, oilfields, power plants, coal chemical production, metal processing and some food processing industries. If oil is not properly removed, it can affect downstream biological treatment, membrane systems, reuse processes and discharge compliance. Oil in wastewater may exist in different forms: free oil, dispersed oil, emulsified oil and oil […]